Photo by Nancy Diersing

The black mangrove has hanging aerial roots, and pneumatophores, or upward growing extensions of its underground roots that break the water's surface. The bark is dark gray to brown and is relatively thick and scaly.

Black Mangrove
(Avicennia germinans)

	Florida, Bermuda, Bahamas, West Indies, Gulf of Mexico to Brazil and Ecuador
	Tidal shores, marshes, estuaries
	Photosynthesis
The status of this species is representative of the populations within the waters of this Sanctuary only, not global populations.
	The black mangrove excretes salt through holes on the underside of its leaves.
	- Purdue University - Ocean Oasis Field Guide - Florida Agriculture